A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• millikelvin temperatures with zeptojoule energy efficiency [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition, the basic cells of adiabatic superconducting circuits can be used as a part of neuromorphic co-processors [18][19][20][21][22][23] working in conjunction with quantum computing systems [24][25][26][27][28][29

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• energy efficiency, the thickness of the photothermal sponge was changed in the range from 0.6 to 6.0 cm. It was then found that the evaporation rate increased from 1.49 to 2.42 kg·m−2·h−1 (Figure 11b). This was most likely because the average temperature of the sponge surface was lowered by the increased

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• Düsseldorf (a research institute of the German steel industry) formed a collaboration with Hundt & Weber at Siegen (a manufacturer of tuyères) and the Institute of Botany of the Technical University of Dresden (C. N. and W. K.). The collaboration formulated the project proposal “Increase of energy efficiency

• Tübingen, Department for Geosciences “Increase of energy efficiency of blast furnaces by using novel longlife-tuyères”, 2015–2018. Participants: Betriebsforschungsinstitut (Düsseldorf) (a research institute of the german steel industry), Hundt & Weber at Siegen (a german subsidiary company of Lebronce

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• supercomputing, big-data processing, artificial intelligence, and neuromorphic computing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The highlight features of superconducting data processing techniques, for example, RSFQ logic [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], are the high speed and unprecedental energy efficiency [2][3][10][11][12][13

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• relevant for a number of niche tasks where performance and energy efficiency are critically important. In this paper, we consider the basic elements for superconducting neural networks on radial basis functions. We examine the static and dynamic activation functions of the proposed neuron. Special

• ][25] as well as read-out circuits for quantum computing [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. They realize a unique combination of a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity when receiving signals, with high performance and energy efficiency at the stage of the processing. It seems reasonable to implement

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• natural gas) with high efficiency is needed. Membrane-based separation offers a great potential for online CO2 sequestration in view of its high energy efficiency, small carbon footprint, and competitive cost compared to traditional separation processes, such as distillation and adsorption [5]. The

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• [181], and are more economically feasible [104][181][219]. Sustainability, energy efficiency, renewability, and reduction of chemical derivatives, are among other advantages of green synthesis processes [266]. Furthermore, nature provides a high variety of reagents that can act as reducing agents

Functional nanostructures for electronics, spintronics and sensors

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1704–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.152

• constraining the integration density, the multicore era effectively ends, leading to the “dark silicon” problem, i.e., only parts of available cores can be run simultaneously”. Energy efficiency has now become a crucial parameter, limiting the advancement of supercomputers. The powerful, modern supercomputer

• , the Sunway Taihu Light [2], with a peak performance of 93 peta FLOPS (93 × 1015 floating point operations per second) has an energy consumption as high as 15.4 MW. This corresponds to a power plant capacity able to supply energy to a middle-sized city! The low energy efficiency leads to high power

• superconductor digital technology (SDT) [4]. The switching energy of the SDT basic element is on the order of 10−19 J (including the power for cryogenic cooling of superconducting circuits), which demonstrates an energy efficiency of up to seven orders of magnitude as compared to the semiconductor analog [5

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• expansion of HCs during lithium intercalation is lower than that of graphite, implying longer lifetimes, the relatively lower volumetric energy density due to their lower density and lower energy efficiency were detrimental for their commercial usage in the uprising market of portable devices. In 1997, the

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• ethanol and is dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C for 24 h. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the synthesis of core–shell BTO-PTh nanoparticles. To compare dielectric properties and energy efficiency, a similar approach is used to prepare pristine polythiophene (PTh) without introducing BTO nanoparticles in the

An investigation on the drag reduction performance of bioinspired pipeline surfaces with transverse microgrooves

• Weili Liu,
• Hongjian Ni,
• Peng Wang and
• Yi Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 24–40, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.3

• With the gradual emergence of an energy crisis [1], it is extremely urgent to improve energy efficiency. In this context, drag reduction is important for vehicle and fluid transportation to increase the cruising speed and to decrease the consumption of energy of these processes. In pipeline

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• superior to the pristine sample. The cell with the N2-plasma-treated sample showed a higher energy efficiency and delivered higher capacities at all investigated current densities. The single-cell measurement results are shown in Figure 6. With the pristine sample at higher current densities (≥64 mA cm−2

• capacity fade. In a previous study [7], a similar extent of capacity fade was observed for heat-treated GFD (graphite-based) carbon felt samples with a higher amount of oxygen functional groups and a larger surface area than in this study. Nevertheless, the energy efficiency of the cell with the N2-plasma

• ) negative redox reaction, b) positive redox reaction. Single-cell measurement results with pristine (green) and N2-plasma-treated samples (red). a) Maximum discharge capacity obtained during cycling, b) energy efficiency achieved during cycling, c) charge–discharge curve obtained for cycling at 32 mA cm−2

Unipolar magnetic field pulses as an advantageous tool for ultrafast operations in superconducting Josephson “atoms”

• Daria V. Popolitova,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy and
• Olga V. Tikhonova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1548–1558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.152

• logic (ASL) circuits broadly used, e.g., to control qubits in D-Wave Systems quantum processors [32]. While ASL circuits are distinguished by their ultimate energy efficiency, the shape of the magnetic signal transferred by ASL transmission line can be easily tuned in situ. In comparison with a

• the considered scheme. Experimental studies have shown that ASL circuits demonstrate ultra-high (even for superconducting circuits) energy efficiency with an increase in operating frequencies up to several gigahertz [39]. A numerical study of the dynamic processes [40] in the nSQUID allowed us to

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• types of RFBs have been developed using aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes with inorganic and organic electroactive species [1][2][3][4]. There is an increasing demand for electrodes that are active in the redox reactions of every type of RFBs to enhance the reaction rate, improve the energy efficiency

Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory

• Nikolay Klenov,
• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Roman Morari,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Thomas Keller,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Anatoli Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 833–839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.83

• alignment can be controlled with a magnetic field of only several tens of Oersted. Keywords: cryogenic computing; neutron scattering; spin valve; superconducting spintronics; Findings Superconductor digital devices have attracted growing attention due to their unique energy efficiency and performance [1

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy, Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Postdoctoral Research Awards under the SunShot Solar Energy Technologies Program.

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• materials with high energy efficiency while circumventing all the problems. Optofluidic technology has recently exploded with new concepts to enable fine control of light and liquids in microscale structures [39][40][41]. In fact, NPS is naturally an optofluidic system as it is carried out in microscale

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• Nanotechnologies ASM, Chisinau, Moldova 10.3762/bjnano.8.269 Abstract The predictions of Moore’s law are considered by experts to be valid until 2020 giving rise to “post-Moore’s” technologies afterwards. Energy efficiency is one of the major challenges in high-performance computing that should be answered

• clearly manifested in supercomputer industry. Energy efficiency becomes a crucial parameter constraining the advance of supercomputers [4][5][6]. The power consumption level of the most powerful modern supercomputer Sunway TaihuLight [7] is as high as 15.4 MW. It corresponds to a peak performance of 93

• millions of dollars per year. Following the corresponding roadmap [9], the goal for the power consumption level of exaFLOPS supercomputers should be of the order of ≈20 MW. This corresponds to an energy efficiency of 20 pJ/FLOP or 50 GFLOPS/W. Unfortunately, the energy efficiency of modern supercomputers

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

Adiabatic superconducting cells for ultra-low-power artificial neural networks

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev and
• Maxim V. Tereshonok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1397–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.130

• . We optimize their parameters for application in three-layer perceptron and radial basis function networks. Keywords: adiabatic superconductor cells; artificial neural networks; energy efficiency; Josephson effect; superconductivity; Findings Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are famous for their

• recognition of signals or images [2][3][4][5][6]. The important features of receiving systems exploited in such areas are high energy efficiency, sensitivity and variability in signal processing. This makes the utilization of superconducting electronic constituents a natural choice. Superconducting digital

• reduce the energy efficiency of the superconducting circuit. In another recent approach to multilayer perceptron, SQUIDs were utilized as nonlinear magnetic flux transducers, allowing the ANN to persist in the superconducting state [18]. The implemented neuron scheme is quite analogous to the quantum

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• energy efficiency. And this is why ZFO and other spinel ferrites are not used in commercial secondary batteries, despite high theoretical specific capacities. Nevertheless, because nanomaterials are known to better resist stresses, it was worthwhile testing the 4 nm diameter ZFO nanocrystals in Li half

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• , a triplet SSV was employed to induce magnetism into a normal conducting metal [60]. Triplet SSVs are expected to perform logical functions like the normal conducting giant magnetoresistance (GMR) devices, however, with a much better energy efficiency [61]. Sample preparation and characterization The

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• worldwide. The first immediate solution to this problem would be to work on energy efficiency programs. With the implementation of such programs, it has been demonstrated that developed nations could already reduce energy consumption by 25% [6]. The majority (about 87%) of energy produced in 2013 was

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• workers. The recovery of these solvents through conventional distillation process is often energy-intensive. Therefore, in case of NPs synthesis, scientists focused on safer solutions, such as solventless systems or non-toxic solvents, i.e., the water/glycerol system [92][126][127]. Energy efficiency

• : Reducing the activation energy of the chemical processes by selecting appropriate precursors in a way that the conversion can take place at ambient temperature is an important target to reduce energy consumption [128]. Enhancing the energy efficiency of a chemical process and using alternative energies

Comprehensive characterization and understanding of micro-fuel cells operating at high methanol concentrations

• Aldo S. Gago,
• Juan-Pablo Esquivel,
• Neus Sabaté,
• Joaquín Santander and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2000–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.203

• quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of fuel cells can be assessed taking into account the faradaic and energy efficiency concepts [33]. A simple finite element model was built for this application, tuned and validated by comparing the results against experimental polarization curves and efficiencies. The

• Faraday constant. The energy efficiency of the fuel cell can be evaluated by comparing the power delivered by the cell when it is discharged to the energy that the fuel cell could deliver ideally, that is, when working at its theoretical voltage [33]: where v(t) is the operating voltage, i(t) the measured

• the comparison of experimental and simulated values of faradaic efficiency and energy efficiency obtained for 2 and 4 M at 180 and 300 mV. As it can be seen, the difference between the measured and calculated efficiencies is less than 2% in most cases, which supports the validity of the model and